![]() Identical particles are those particles whose Hamiltonian is symmetric under exchange of one particle with the other. As physicists like Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein began to study particles, they discovered new physics laws that were downright quirky. 7.5 we consider some applications of the two statistics. A quantum eraser experiment setup, where two entangled particles are separated and measured. It aims to uncover the properties and behaviors of the very building blocks of nature. 7.4 we treat the so-called exchange interaction and, finally, in Sec. Quantum physics is the study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level. 7.3 we show that quantum particles, differently from classical particles (that obey the Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics), may be subject to two different statistics, namely the Fermi–Dirac statistics for fermions and the Bose–Einstein statistics for bosons. Generating and managing qubits is a scientific and engineering challenge. ![]() ![]() 7.1), we define the permutation operator and discuss the symmetry properties of the wave function of N identical particles (Sec. Quantum computers, on the other hand, use qubits, which are typically subatomic particles such as electrons or photons. Quantum entanglement is one of the central principles of quantum physics, though it is also highly misunderstood. Moreover, such a symmetry yields a most interesting connection between spin and statistics.Īfter a short introduction to the significance of statistics in quantum mechanics (in Sec. In this case, the system is not modified under exchange of two identical particles. For example, electron is a quantum particle. This collection is dedicated to exploring the quantum behaviour of particles moving under the influence of a. Generally speaking, a symmetry is an effect of an invariance, that is, the system does not change if one effects certain transformations (see Ch. Quantum particle is the smallest entity of a physical quantity which cant be divided any further. 00 - Quantum physics - Particle in a box. As we shall see, in quantum mechanics identical particles are indistinguishable because we cannot track trajectories, and this fact induces some important symmetry properties on the total wave function describing the system of particles under consideration. After all, whether the particles are identical or not, we can always track each of them at any time. ![]() In classical physics, the question whether there are subsets of identical particles is not particularly interesting. ![]()
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